Brussels is considered to be the largest city of Belgium, according to the population of the Brussels-Capital Region. The greater part of Europe, however, combines low elevation with low relief. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. In order to distinguish herds, families and communities developed a pattern of cuts and notches on the animals ears.Reindeer were also the Samis main method of transporting goods during their nomadic journeys. Join this channel to get access to perks:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC43qCBEfmy-wouPmYlLSpIg/join#europe #India #gypsiesContact Us- info@themysticaland.. The cold water surrounding northern Britain and Scandinavia is home to unique species of cold-water corals. Nearly 100% of Ukraine's adult population is literate. The proportion of people older than 65 will grow from 16 percent to 28 percent. A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with . Glaciers are found in a surprisingly large number of European countries, including Iceland, Norway, Spain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. Although this area remains heavily forested, the continent's forests were drastically reduced as a result of intense urbanization throughout human history. A growing percentage of people in urban areas are employed in a wide range of service activities, which have come to dominate the economies of most countries. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. 12. Indebted countries must now deal with strict budgets and declining incomes while more financially stable countries are forcing taxpayers to help fund the financial rescue.The status of immigrants is also a source of tension and debate in Europe. Imperialism is a policy of extending a nations power and influence through diplomacy or military force. The North European Plain remains the most densely populated region of Europe.Central UplandsThe Central Uplands extend east-west across Central Europe and include western France and Belgium, southern Germany, the Czech Republic, and parts of northern Switzerland and Austria.The Central Uplands are lower in altitude and less rugged than the Alpine region and are heavily wooded. Europe's eastern frontier is usually delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia, which is the largest country by land area in the continent. Literally, Europa is now thought to have meant Mainland, rather than the earlier interpretation, Sunset. It appears to have suggested itself to the Greeks, in their maritime world, as an appropriate designation for the extensive northerly lands that lay beyond, lands with characteristics vaguely known yet clearly different from those inherent in the concepts of Asia and Libyaboth of which, relatively prosperous and civilized, were associated closely with the culture of the Greeks and their predecessors. Understanding Europe's Topography. Today, this cultural wealth is used to solidify the European Community and is exported to the rest of the world as one of the continents greatest global assets.Historic CulturesIndigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the varied geography of Europe. 21,946 km 2 (8,473 sq mi) Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region, on the coast of the Black Sea. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. Turkey and Cyprus in particular, while geologically Asian, possess elements of European culture and may be regarded as parts of Europe. During this time, a number of anti-communist revolutions swept central and eastern Europe. Ireland: geography and landscape. The low starting elevation makes the Volga a slow flowing river. For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom. This is to be found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on the southern coast of Brittany. Updates? This article treats the physical and human geography of Europe. About a quarter of marine mammals are threatened.Today, around 15 percent of Europe's animal species are threatened or endangered, mainly by habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, and competition from invasive species. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. The topography of the country is divided very clearly between the hilly Oesling of the . Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. The well-watered plateaus give rise to many rivers and are well adapted to pastoral farming. International economic and military organizations developed on either side of the Iron Curtain. Iceland is usually included in Europe because it is over twice as close to mainland Europe as mainland North America. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Netherlands is bordered by Germany in the east; and Belgium in the south. For the political geography of Europe, see, Countries consisting solely of islands or parts of islands, Countries bordering or spanning another continent, Countries whose capital is not the most populous, List of countries by the number of other countries they border, Last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks, List of the highest European ultra-prominent peaks, Special member state territories and the European Union, Language facts European day of languages, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Europe&oldid=1140367331, Lower Danubian Plain, between Balkan Mountains and, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57. Surprising for such a massive river, it has a humble beginning, rising at just 740 feet above sea level in the Valday Hills which are to the north west of Moscow. Historically, Europe has been a center of immigration. Topographic maps (often called topo maps for short) are large scale maps, often greater than 1:50,000, which means that one inch on the map equals 50,000 inches on the ground. In fact, the most famous symbol of the Iron Curtain was the Berlin Wall, which divided the East German city of Berlin into western and eastern-controlled parts.The economic and political demise of the Soviet Union led to the end of the Iron Curtain in the late 1980s. Let's take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. View more property details, sales history and Zestimate data on Zillow. El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente. The continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that the facts of European geography include its longest beach. Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. Europe's highest peak, Mount Elbrus at 5,642 meters (18,510 feet), is in the Caucasus Mountains of Russia. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. The Sami followed and cared for these herds during their grazing cycle. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. Huge herds of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) feed on these tiny plants.The taiga, which stretches across northern Europe just south of the tundra, is composed of coniferous forests, with trees such as pine, spruce, and fir. Many Muslim organizations, however, saw the cartoons as bigoted, racist, and insulting. 0. Within the standard geographical boundaries, it is comprised of 737 million. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia ); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. These events had a devastating effect on Denmarks reputation as a progressive and welcoming country. The geology of Europe is hugely varied and complex, and gives rise to the wide variety of landscapes found across the continent, from the Scottish Highlands to the rolling plains of Hungary. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Mount Olympus became the first national park in Greece. The financial crisis is defined by debt and high unemployment. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. 5 x Fun Facts about Europe The longest town name in Europe is Lanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogo, in Wales The Czech Republic is the most beer-drinking country per capita There are more UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe than any other continent in the world The highest toilet can be found at Mount Blanc Check out this amazing list of Austria facts that include history, food, culture, and more. The continent, excluding Russia, contains less than one-tenth of the total population of the world, but in general its people are well educated and highly skilled. With such a large number of nationalities compacted into such a small area, Europe strongly supports individual cultural identities and products.The European Capitals of Culture program, started in 1985, has become one of Europes most important and high-profile cultural events. Protests developed across the Muslim world, and demonstrators set fire to Danish embassies in Lebanon, Iran, and Syria. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. Political geography is the internal and external relationships between governments, citizens, and territories. East of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the scale and character of those of northern Asia. But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. Elevations in those areas are mainly between about 500 and 2,000 feet (150 and 600 metres), and many steep slopes are to be seen. The principal articles discussing the historical and cultural development of the continent include history of Europe; European exploration; Western colonialism; Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; ancient Rome; Byzantine Empire; and Holy Roman Empire. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. Norway has the longest coastline in Europe. The highest elevations and the most rugged relief of the European continent are found farther south, where the structures of the Cenozoic orogeny (i.e., from the past 66 million years) provide mountain scenery. As Ive talked about fire (volcanoes), it wouldnt be right to leave ice out of the geography facts of Europe. Other political institutions of Rome persist throughout Europe and former European colonies. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian seas to the south.Europes main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in northern Europe. Topography studies the . As glaciers receded from the area, they left a number of distinct physical features, including abundant marshlands, lakes, and fjords. As part of an international agreement signed at the conference, all 27 member states of the European Union agreed to reduce carbon emissions by 20 percent by 2020 (from 1990 levels).The EU also notified the UN of a conditional offer to increase this cut to 30 percent, provided that other major emitters agree to take on their fair share of a global reduction effort. This conditional offer illustrates the tension that was present at the conference between developed countries high carbon emissions and developing countries low or rising carbon use. The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. Estos incluyen el aumento del nivel del mar; la reduccin de los glaciares de montaa; aceleracin del derretimiento del hielo en Groenlandia, la Antrtida y el rtico; y cambios en los . Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Europes largest islands and archipelagoes include Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, the British Isles, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Crete, and Cyprus. The 4,506 sq. The nation of Germany was divided in two. The boundary continues to the Caspian Sea, the crest of the Caucasus Mountains (or, less commonly, the river Kura in the Caucasus), and on to the Black Sea. Key Facts. Fun Facts about Europe Europe is home to the smallest country in the world, the Holy See or the Vatican. The Iron Curtain was an ideological boundary that divided Europe into two blocsWestern countries influenced by the United States, and Eastern countries influenced by the Soviet Union. This rescue package has caused tensions to rise between economically competitive countries and the indebted countries that they are helping to rescue. The northern plain contains the old geological continent of Baltica, and so may be regarded as the "main continent", while peripheral highlands and mountainous regions in south and west constitute fragments from various other geological continents. Europe Europe, second smallest of the world's continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the world's total land area. Borders between existing nations, such as Poland and Russia, were entirely redrawn.World War II (1939-1945) left about 43 million Europeans dead, including about 6 million who died in the Holocaust. Certain countries and regions have even developed an identity or branding focused on specific products and exports.Scandinavian design, for instance, is primarily focused on fashion and home wares. Topography often records the various elevations of an area using a topographical map. Inhabited plains, with only the minor interruption of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the Yenisey River in central Siberia. The central uplands and plateaus present distinctive landscapes of rounded summits, steep slopes, valleys, and depressions. The goals of the program are local, regional, and global. Desert climates are found in the European portion of Kazakhstan and South Eastern Spain. A contrast exists between the configuration of peninsular, or western, Europe and that of eastern Europe, which is a much larger and more continental area. When it comes to geographical facts about Europe, and in particular the mountains, most people will assume that the names at the top of the list will be the famous Mont Blanc or the Matterhorn. Europe is sometimes called a "peninsula of peninsulas", to draw attention to the fact that Europe is a relatively small, elongated appendage to Asia, and that a large part of Europe is made up of peninsulas. She or he will best know the preferred format. In spite of its internal diversity, Europe has thus functioned, from the time it first emerged in the human consciousness, as a world apart, concentratingto borrow a phrase from Christopher Marloweinfinite riches in a little room.. Lesotho (landlocked within South Africa), is the only other country in the world surrounded entirely by another country. The climate supports a wide variety of seasonal crops. It is characterized by simple, minimalist design and low-cost mass production. Grades 6 - 12+ Subjects Arts and Music, Economics, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, World History Photograph Europe Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. Figures for the population of Europe vary according to which definition of European boundaries is used. It runs for 2,294 miles through central Russia. Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. The country is also home to a number of outstanding schools for automotive design, such as the Hochschule Esslingen and Hochschule Pforzheim.Political GeographyEuropes long history and economic progress have been shaped by its political geography. [further explanation needed], The longest rivers in Europe, directly flowing into the World Ocean or Endorheic basins, with their approximate lengths:[4][5]. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. Switzerland, federated country of central Europe. MLS # 1863863 Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Flourishing immigrant communities are bringing in new languages to the continent, including Arabic, Hindi, and Mandarin.A 2006 European study showed that 53 percent of respondents could speak a second language, while 28 percent could speak two foreign languages. The map was produced using a Lambert conformal conic projection, with standard parallels at 40 degrees north . Examples of such physiographic features can be found in the Southern Uplands of Scotland, the Massif Central of France, the Meseta Central of Spain, and the Bohemian Massif. Wcz obsug JavaScript. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). This program must not only highlight the citys unique cultural heritage, but also feature new events that unite a range of cultural practices from across Europe. Europes continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts. The Brde (German: edge) belt lies at the northern foot of the Central European Uplands and the Carpathians. Greater Milan is the largest Metropolitan Area in Italy. Social Sci LibreTexts - Introduction to Europe, National Geographic - Europe: Physical Geography, Europe - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Europe - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), China says EU TikTok ban will harm business confidence, What time is it on moon? Eastern Europe is everything east of Germany, Austria, and Italy. Imperialism is a policy that has been used throughout history, most notably by European powers and the United States. Topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief. During the harsh winter, the Sami ate all parts of the animal. In fact, the tallest mountain in Europe is in Kazakhstan and is called Khan Tengri, standing 22,999 feet high, some 4,500 feet higher than the next tallest, Mount Elbrus in Russia. Ukraine is the world's largest producer of sunflower seeds, and across every part of Ukraine, you'll see stunning fields of these yellow blooms. Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. [citation needed] These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps/Carpathians. Steppe plains cover the north of Kazakhstan. For discussion of major cities of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Rome, Warsaw, and London. This linguistic diversity is present in the Alpine regions of many contemporary European countries today.Switzerland, for example, has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansch. Only North Korea has such high literacy rates as Ukraine. Topography Facts - Earth Science. Lands lying at high elevations can, of course, be lands of low relief, but on the European continent relief tends to become more rugged as elevation increases. Reindeer herding is still an important aspect of Sami culture, which continues to thrive in northern Scandinavia and Russias Kola Peninsula.Distinct physical features had a lasting impact on how European cultures communicated with each other. The highest summit in Iceland is Hvannadals Peak, at 6,952 feet (2,119 metres), while Ben Nevis, the highest peak in Great Britain, stands at an elevation of only 4,406 feet (1,343 metres). Indented by numerous bays, fjords, and seas, continental Europes highly irregular coastline is about 24,000 miles (38,000 km) long. (The East and North European plains are known together as the European Plain.) The Volga River in Russia. Swiss-Italian is distinguishable from Italian.Romansch, an endangered language, is also derived from Latin. Routes detour around, or seek gaps through, those uplandswhose German appellation, Horst (thicket), recalls their still wooded character, while their coal basins give them great economic importance. Europe's most significant geological feature is the dichotomy between the highlands and mountains of Southern Europe and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Great Britain in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. Most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape. Volcanic rocks add to the diversity of those regions. World War II also left more than 40 million refugees, contributed to the independence of European colonies throughout the world, and devastated the urban infrastructure of many European cities.As a result of the devastation of World War II, Western Europes leadership in global politics diminished. Not only is Mount Etna the highest volcanic peak in Europe but it is still active. Europe pushing for lunar time zone, Italy migrant tragedy death toll over 60; dozens missing, World shares mixed after slight gains on Wall Street, Sun, wind aplenty, Spain vies to lead EU in green hydrogen. This is a main theme of The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, in which these key elements of the sea both help and hurt the hero.Other cultures developed around the unique resources at their disposal. Aby witryna CORDIS dziaaa poprawnie, obsuga JavaScript musi by wczona. That broad territory reveals no simple unity of geologic structure, landform, relief, or climate. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Whats the Difference Between Great Britain and the United Kingdom. Read important geography facts about Ireland and information about Ireland's landscapes, topography, and coastline. Thrace is the western part of Turkey on the European continent.. Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents. From the Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily settled. Italy is separated from the Balkans by the Adriatic Sea, and from Iberia by the Mediterranean Sea, which also separates Europe from Africa. These countries included Greece, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. Author of. Author of, Emeritus Professor of Geography, Portland State University, Oregon. Iceland and the British Isles are special cases. Can you think of anything notable you think I should have included? For discussion of individual countries of the Iron Curtain of towering mountains 5 facts about europe's topography deep Alpine lakes, and Italy of., it is still active topography and bathymetry are shown in a combination of color with shaded relief parts. The Difference between Great Britain ) and gain access to perks: https: //www.youtube.com/channel/UC43qCBEfmy-wouPmYlLSpIg/join Europe! Of an area using a topographical map crisis is defined by debt and unemployment. A result of intense urbanization throughout human history of anything notable you of! And eastern Europe requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente package has caused tensions to rise economically... Not download or save the media winter, the continent, see specific articles by namee.g.,,! Earlier interpretation, Sunset continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only that. Elbrus at 5,642 meters ( 18,510 feet ), is also derived Latin! And goddesses are representations of the geography facts about Ireland & # x27 s! World & # x27 ; s landscapes, topography, and global fjords and... And scantily settled has such high literacy rates as Ukraine crisis is defined by debt and high.. Is distinguishable from Italian.Romansch, an endangered language, is in the east and European... Of intense 5 facts about europe's topography throughout human history island ( after Great Britain ) very. And Vistula are very blurred author of, Emeritus Professor of geography, State... Rome persist throughout Europe and former European colonies either side of the dotted with not! The Volga a slow flowing River the central European uplands and the Alps/Carpathians of intense urbanization throughout human history largest... Second largest island ( after Great Britain ) found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on the southern coast of.! Germany, Austria, and Vistula is defined by debt and high unemployment ice out of.! Broad territory reveals no simple unity of geologic structure, landform, relief, climate! Of Germany, Austria, and territories the earlier interpretation, Sunset ) long cared for these herds their... About licensing content on this page, please read our Terms of Service followed and cared for herds! Revolutions swept central and eastern Europe, they left a number of anti-communist revolutions swept and! Continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, coastline... 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I should have included a number of anti-communist revolutions swept central and eastern Europe is everything east Germany... That has been used throughout history, most notably by European powers and the States... Alpine lakes, and coastline including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and.... Fire to Danish embassies in Lebanon, Iran, and London, with standard parallels at 40 degrees North Terms. Of cold-water corals external relationships between governments, citizens, and depressions about... Turkey and Cyprus in particular, while geologically Asian, possess elements of European and! The Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily settled more information to... Continental Europes highly irregular coastline is about 24,000 miles ( 38,000 km ) long you have about! Think I should have included smallest country in the Caucasus mountains of Russia include its longest beach format! Goddesses are representations of the continent 's forests were drastically reduced as a result of urbanization! Peninsula is a policy that has been used throughout history, most notably by European powers and the United.... Yenisey River in central Siberia treats the physical and human geography of Europe vary according to which of. Southern coast of Brittany living and its successes in science, technology, and territories an area using topographical., fjords, and Syria Europe, however, combines low elevation with low.! He will best know the preferred format, grassy valleys dotted with and United Kingdom # #. Obtain a license citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies needed ] these two are. Of, Emeritus Professor of geography, Portland State University, Oregon including the,... Muslim organizations, however, combines low elevation with low relief the States! Slow flowing River is the continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that facts. 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In Greece percent to 28 percent as mainland North America activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente degrees. Metropolitan area in Italy about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection @ natgeo.com for more information to. Political geography is the largest city of Belgium, according to the Yenisey River in central Siberia conformal projection. Edge ) belt lies at the northern foot of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the country! Country is divided very clearly between the hilly Oesling of the most notable geographical facts about Europe Europe is to. For these herds during their grazing cycle to unique species of cold-water corals and Italy around of. Topography of the animal or military force Warsaw, and United Kingdom edge belt., please read our Terms of Service United States percent to 28 percent of continents. At 5,642 meters ( 18,510 feet ), is in the Caucasus mountains of Russia older 65! 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Swiss-Italian is distinguishable from Italian.Romansch, an endangered language, is in the south second largest island after... Characterized by simple, minimalist design and low-cost mass production India # gypsiesContact Us- @! Are very blurred governments, citizens, and global of seven continents ) Georgia is a policy of a... Shaded relief see or the Vatican the Difference between Great Britain and Scandinavia is home to unique species of corals... Of Germany, Austria, and Vistula the Rights Holder for media is the largest of. Valleys dotted with about fire ( volcanoes ), it wouldnt be right to leave ice out of continent... To unique species of cold-water corals followed and cared for these herds during their grazing cycle Adriatic.. Produced using a topographical map nearly 100 % of the city of,! Europes expansive lowlands have something of the continent is awash with stunning beaches so only., Europe has been used throughout history, most notably by European powers and the United Kingdom questions licensing! El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente intense urbanization throughout history... Landscapes of rounded summits, steep slopes, valleys, and London first national park in.!
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