In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Let's Go! These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. 0 hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. 2. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. Scientists . Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Knowledge awaits. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. 2. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Watch the . Total: 129 a. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. 6. We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. iU 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. hb```lJB II. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Answers may vary. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. 0 318 0 obj <>stream Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. In this article from professor Karen Avery, see how she uses this unassuming model organism to teach concepts in cellular biology and genetics. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. 316 0 obj <>stream Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. 255 0 obj <> endobj As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. %%EOF To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. 254 0 obj <> endobj Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. 7. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. We know we have a lot of work to do to address racial inequities in science teaching. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. Video Activity 7. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. AQ` n& 415 0 obj <> endobj Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. In . %%EOF endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. endstream endobj startxref Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. View details . But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. 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